Corporate Finance December 2026
Q.1: XYZ Ltd., a growing mid-tier manufacturing company in India, needs to fund a major modernization of its production facility. The company currently has strong internal reserves but not enough to fund the entire project alone.
The board of directors is divided on how to raise the remaining capital. The conservative promoters want to avoid issuing new equity shares at all costs to prevent dilution of their voting control. Conversely, the risk-averse directors are highly concerned about taking on long-term debt, citing the cyclical nature of the manufacturing industry and the volatile Indian economic environment.
Assuming the role of the CFO, apply your knowledge of corporate finance frameworks to structure a qualitative financing recommendation for XYZ Ltd.:
1. Apply the Pecking Order Theory to establish and explain the exact sequence of funding sources XYZ Ltd. should utilize for this modernization.
2. Apply the Trade-Off Theory to explain the specific qualitative relationship between the cost of capital and financial risk if XYZ Ltd. relies heavily on long-term debt.
3. Based on your theoretical application in Tasks 1 and 2, explain how you would balance the promoters' fear of control dilution with the board's fear of interest burden.
4. Provide a descriptive, theory-backed recommendation for an optimal capital structure mix for this project.
Answer:
Introduction:
XYZ Ltd. is a rising mid-tier manufacturing concern that requires significant funds to upgrade its production line. The company has enough retained earnings to finance part of the investment but needs additional resources to fund the project. The choice of the financing alternative is complicated by the fact that the promoters of the company want to maintain their voting control. They are therefore reluctant to raise new equity. The finance directors believe that a significant increase in the company’s long-term debt would result in a heavy servicing burden if the economy experienced cyclical or business fluctuations. The theories of corporate finance help explain the trade-off between the need to finance the new investment and the requirement to minimize the level of long-term debt.
This is partially solved sample answer
Buy complete NMIMS solved assignments for the December 2026 session.
General/Generic Assignment at just ₹180 per assignment.
Customized/ Unique Assignment at just ₹500 per assignment.
Contact No: +91 9741410271 (WhatsApp)
OR
Mail to: smu.assignment@gmail.com
Q.2 (A): A corporate project requires an initial investment of Rs.115,000 and promises to generate cash inflows of Rs.40,000, Rs.50,000, and Rs.60,000 at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, due to client liquidity risks, there is a 15% probability each year that the payment will be delayed by one year.
In the event of a delay, no money is received that year; the delayed payment is instead received at the end of the following year alongside that year's regular cash flow. The contract stipulates that no compensatory interest is paid for any delayed payments. The company's required rate of return (discount rate) is 8% per annum.
Part A: Calculate the Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) of this project. Show all working steps, including the adjusted timeline of expected cash flows based on the probability of delay.
Part B: Based on your findings in Part A, evaluate whether the board of directors should approve this project. In your evaluation:
1. State your final recommendation and justify it using your calculated ENPV.
2. Critique the contractual term that “no compensatory interest is paid for the delay.” As a financial advisor to the board, explain how this specific clause distorts the true risk-adjusted return of the project.
3. Propose one financial safeguard or contract renegotiation you would require before giving this project final approval.
Answer:
Introduction:
A corporate project involves an initial outlay of Rs.115,000 and is expected to generate cash inflows of Rs.40,000, Rs.50,000 and Rs.60,000 in the next three years. Unfortunately, the possibility of payment defaults poses risk regarding the timing of such cash flows. As there is 15% chance of one year delay in every year, expected cash flows need to be adjusted before calculating its Net Present Value (NPV). The discount rate is given to be 8% per annum. Analysis, therefore, considers both the chances of timely payment and the financial impact of receiving delayed cash without compensatory interest.
Q.2 (B): Company ABC has the following market values and costs for its capital:
- Equity: Rs.30,00,000 (Cost: 14%)
- Debt (Secured): Rs.20,00,000 (Cost: 7%)
- Debt (Unsecured): Rs.10,00,000 (Cost: 10%)
- Preference Shares: Rs.5,00,000 (Cost: 9%)
The corporate tax rate is 25%.
The CFO is proposing a capital restructuring plan to completely refinance the unsecured debt. Under this plan, the firm will issue new preference shares worth Rs.10,00,000 at a cost of 11% to pay off the Rs.10,00,000 of unsecured debt.
Part A: Calculate the new Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) after this refinancing is complete. You must detail the adjustments to the capital structure, the new weights, and the correct after-tax component costs.
Part B: Based on your calculations in Part A, evaluate the CFO's refinancing strategy. In your evaluation:
1. Explain how the loss of the debt tax shield impacts the firm's overall cost of capital.
2. State your final recommendation on whether the board should approve or reject this refinancing plan, justifying your decision mathematically. (Assume the company's pre-refinancing WACC was 9.92%).
Answer:
Introduction:
Company ABC is considering exchanging an entire unsecured debt of Rs.10,00,000 for new issues of preference shares for the same amount. As a consequence of such a swap, the firm’s capital structure will change since the interest on debt is tax-deductible while the dividends on preference shares are not. Therefore, it becomes necessary to compute the new WACC based on changed weights and appropriate after-tax component costs and compare it with the existing WACC of 9.92%. The comparison will indicate that the refinancing has lowered or increased the firm’s cost of financing.